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Household Behavior and Demand Essay Example for Free

Family unit Behavior and Demand Essay Family unit conduct is one of the any fundamental ideas in financial matters which affects showcase patterns. Family request, for example, can be viewed as identified with customer decisions as far as which items are generally purchased in the market and which items need more supplies as far as thing creation and its comparing assignment. One of the numerous fundamental highlights of family unit request is its relating impact on what is being given in the market and, all the more critically, the amounts or stock that is being allotted in the market. It appears to be very evident that the amounts of specific items in the marketâ€for case, in a specific region or a certain supermarketâ€are designed by the current interest and the anticipated requests an eventually, state inside an edge of half a month time. Family unit conduct, for its impacts on advertise patterns to be acknowledged and comprehended, must be taken from a general and aggregate point of view since a solitary explicit family unit conduct can't altogether be considered as the exact and sole measure in deciding the general family conduct valid for all o most examples as to showcase patterns. For instance, it has been seen that Chinese individuals depend to a great extent on the costs of items in figuring out which ones are the best purchases. Paul French notes that â€Å"for down to business Chinese customers, value remains the base line† which means that â€Å"win on cost and you win† (French, 2007). Subsequently, with regards to Chinese family units, makers of specific merchandise ought to extraordinarily consider the way that Chinese families will in all likelihood lean toward products which are generally lower in cost when contrasted with different items in the market all together remain on the opposition. To have the option to deal with the value record of a specific item in the market intends to have the option to win the market rivalry if the Chinese family unit conduct is the essential premise to be utilized. The recognition seems sufficiently straightforward: family unit conduct decides family unit request which, in result, influences an enormous part of certain market patterns. In this way, to break down a particular market pattern for a particular item involves the investigation and comprehension of specific patterns in family unit request brought about by family unit conduct. A current family request, say, for breakfast grains can be viewed the aggregate family conduct regarding oat utilization for as far back as a half year for the territory of Chicago, for instance. Given a moderately high utilization rate for breakfast grains with the cost not surpassing $4 per box among families, organizations creating breakfast oats may have the relating choice to design their item as indicated by the current interest. In spite of the fact that it may not basically be the situation that organizations will forfeit costs of their items so as to satisfy the need for the estimation of the items, having the option to change item costs in understanding to the current market costs will in all probability lead to ideal outcomes with respect to the organizations since showcase request is met. Very despite what might be expected, there are as yet other related variables which frustrate the accomplishment of bringing costs agreeing down to the spending plan and pay of family units which decide their ability to purchase and expend certain items. All the more as of late, a few moment noodle enterprises in China experience issues in bringing down the costs of their items due to raising costs in wheat and other homestead products (Zhu, 2007). With costs in moment noodlesâ€a well known item among people with small budgetâ€soaring, even the family unit request or minimal effort moment noodles may barely hinder organizations from bringing down the costs of their products just to fulfill the current need in the market. With respect to families, appropriate designation of pay can be one cure so as to check superfluous spending in order to have the option to apportion financial plan on merchandise which the family units esteem as a critical piece of their salary spending. For this situation, family conduct and request has all the earmarks of being designed by the current market patterns which is the inverse or converse instance of what has been given before. Subsequently, it is likewise conceivable to have a family conduct or customer decision that depends on existing business sector drifts separated from the likelihood that market patterns may likewise be founded on existing purchaser decision and family conduct. Designating salary to expand utility is one family conduct that decides shopper decision over the long haul. For example, there is the perception that â€Å"household consumption designs are influenced by the portion of family unit pay gathering to women† (Hopkins, Levin, Haddad, 1994). Given this discernment, the selections of customers over a huge range of items contending in the market isn't just influenced by outside components dictated by organizations yet in addition by inward components growing from family unit utilization examples of specific products corresponding to the household’s spending designation. As far as salary and replacement impacts, the adjustments in the costs of specific merchandise are proposed to modify the requests for such products. Changes in relative costs just as changes in the buying influence of the cash pay can significantly modify the current requests for, state, a morning meal grain. Regardless of whether the costs for breakfast grains continue as before for a given period, adjustments in the pay will result to an equivalent change in the spending limitation (Hamermesh, 1977). Then again, if the cost of breakfast grains changes, the spending requirement will change as needs be. One solid path in further understanding the circumstance is that so as to augment the utility with the diminished spending imperative, the family will in general have moves in their examples of utilization. For example, with the spending requirement emerging from the lessening in the money’s buying influence, family units will in general amplify the utility of cash by expanding the isolation of acquisition of products dependent on ease inclination. A guide to this is when families buy merchandise with generally lower costs given a spending plan of $20 which results to more acquisition of different products while then again family units buying products with moderately more significant expenses will result to lesser augmentation of the utility or lesser merchandise bought with the $20 financial plan. Consequently, wage rates additionally share an essential part in deciding family unit conduct and request just as buyer decision. It has been seen that the paces of wages of specific gatherings of individuals have relating suggestions on the buying intensity of family units. To show up at the perception that the pay of a family is diminished relates to the perception that the buying limit of a similar family relatively, if not essentially, diminishes. A higher pay, at that point, will mean a higher ability to buy merchandise in the market. In the bigger plan, a gathering of family units with a high pace of pay will no doubt have higher buying limit in this way initiating the family conduct of expanded spending accepting the family has lesser inclinations to spare their salary. In actuality, a specific market request will be summoned so that a specific decent, for example, will encounter an expansion sought after which requires a relating increment in products being provided. In this manner, it tends to be noticed that the general rate in family unit request will moderately expand given the expansion in compensation. Then again, loan fees may significantly modify or move the enduring interest from families towards a specific decent. For example, a higher financing costs for bought credits by family units will positively result to a higher genuine expense of procurement in the satisfaction of all installments made for the advance. It is very clear that an expansion of 2% in loan costs from 4% to 6% will unquestionably correspondingly affect the real expense of the great bought. Generally, higher loan costs mean greater expense of buys, diminished family unit spending given a fixed pace of wages, and a lesser spending on different products which result to a comparing decline in the interest for those different merchandise. The cost of recreation likewise has a critical job in fathoming the examples in family request and buyer decisions. For example, more significant expenses in the expense of plane voyages would involve that the purchaser will decide on the aircraft supplier with the least expense. A decrease in the inclination for aircrafts with similarly higher carrier costs will probably be felt expecting that a given arrangement of buyers have fixed salary. Spending requirements in a domain of expanding costs in recreation empower one to see the family interest for existing relaxation. To be sure, it has been seen that few market patterns can be seen and broke down utilizing the discernments on family unit conduct and interest for specific merchandise and items. The interrelationships existing between the market pattern and the family conduct is clear in spite of the fact that sooner or later a few special cases would need to be made. Basic to this comprehension is the view that there could conceivably be genuine spending limitations and that costs of items may really move even without the nearness of the move, for example, a decay or slope in the interest from family units. By the by, there are numerous cases wherein family conduct has its suggestions on the current market patterns. References French, P. (2007). At the point when the Best Buy Is No Buy. The Wall Street Journal(August 7). Hamermesh, D. S. (1977). A Note on Income and Substitution Effects in Search Unemployment. The Economic Journal, 87(346), 312. Hopkins, J. , Levin, C. , Haddad, L. (1994). Womens Income and Household Expenditure Patterns: Gender or Flow? Proof from Niger. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76(5), 1219. Zhu,

13 Audiobooks to Inspire (or Accompany) a Road Trip

13 Audiobooks to Inspire (or Accompany) a Road Trip Even though summer is usually  road trip season, I prefer my jaunts  during the fall. With leaves changing colors and the weather cool enough to crack the windows, my favorite road trips are accompanied by fleece, boots, #PSLs, and the perfect audiobook. Thankfully, Ive got a two-week cross country road trip coming up to indulge my autumn road trip desires. If youre craving a trip down the highway  and need some inspiration or youve got a roadtrip  planned and need an appropriate accompaniment heres a list of  13 of my favorite road trip books on audio. My Life on the Road by Gloria Steinem Narrated by actress Debra Winger (of An  Officer and a Gentleman  fame), Steinems memoir about her lifetime of activism-related travels isnt specifically about a road trip but its still guaranteed to put that wanderlust bug in your blood. The Stand by Stephen King Want one book to last you for the entire cross country trip? At nearly 48 hours, this is no slouch of an audiobook, but it is also the ultimate in post-apocalyptic road trip fiction. A good book to listen to in order to appreciate our intact countryside. Thousand Pieces of Gold by  Ruthanne Lum McCunn Beginning with a journey to America and throughout the West, McCunns story about a girl  who is sold into slavery from China is an important part of the American historical narrative that often remains hidden. On the Road by Jack Kerouac Experience a different era of America with this 1950s road trip classic. One of most well-known  cross country novels, Kerouac creates a beat-filled, jazzy narrative that is a quintessential love letter to spreading your wings. American Gods by Neil Gaiman With a full cast narrating, this epic fantasy begins in Indiana and creates a magical version of America as an unforgettable cast of characters that is destined to become a modern classic. Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel Another post-apocalyptic road trip novel, this one shifts between pre-and post-apocalypse  and  follows a traveling Shakespeare-performing group after the end of the world that will leave you more hopeful than despairing. The Warmth of Other Suns by Isabel Wilkerson Though it might not inspire your road trip in the same kind of way, Wilkersons history of Americas Great Migration will make you look at the highways and trips you take across the country in an entirely different way. The Road by  Cormac McCarthy A quieter, shorter version of the post-apocalyptic road trip novel, this moving story of a father and son traveling in a desolate world might be easier to listen to if you struggled with the lack of sentence structure in the print version. Amy and Rogers Epic Detour by Morgan Matson For a YA take on the road trip, check out this coming-of-age narrative that is both sweet and serious. Amy embarks on a Connecticut-to-California adventure with a family friends son whom she barely knows and still reeling from the death of her father. Killing Yourself to Live by Chuck Klosterman One of our most engaging essayists, Klosterman drives a rental car in a winding tour of the US, chasing his own demons and rock n roll after his relationship ends and writing about all the emotional ups-and-downs that come with it. The Lost Continent by Bill Bryson As easy as it would be to list only Bryson books for this post, this one is impossible to leave off. In a love letter to the small towns that pepper America, he drives nearly 14,000 miles through 38 states after having lived in the UK for more than 10 years to rediscover the country he left. On Such a Full Sea by Chang rae-Lee A woman goes on a quest to find her lover in a brilliantly imagined future America that  examines the confluence of race, culture, identity and love in a way only Chang rae-Lee can. Lets Get Lost by  Adi Alsaid Five strangers embark on their own journeys and find out more about themselves and each other than they ever expected to. At just over 8 hours, Alsaids YA road trip novel is a perfect single-day companion for a long drive. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

A Child with Bipolar Disorder Makes Parenting Difficult...

Every good parent desires to raise his or her child in the best care possible. However, this can become difficult if the child carries an illness. If the illness is not identified and treated properly, both the child and the parent will suffer physically, mentally, or emotionally. Among the many illnesses a parent may face and may have a difficult time identifying is bipolar disorder, or maniac-depression illness, a mental illness in which unusual mood swings occur within the child. Such disorder should not to be mistaken with the occasional ups or downs many people go through. The National Institute of Mental Health’s website provides parents valuable information of the disorder’s symptoms and treatments, as well as information on how to†¦show more content†¦Often the best way to manage symptoms or prevent relapse is through medication in which is. Medication is often a long-term treatment and parents must observe their child when taking the medication to disc over its effectiveness and the accurate dosage needed. It is important to understand the side effects of the medication, or medications, chosen and to report to the doctor of any problems arises. However, one should never cut off the medication without a doctor’s aid as it can be dangerous and may even worsen the symptoms. Another option or in addition to medication is psychotherapy, or talk therapy. Therapy aids the child in managing his or her moods and behavior as well as improving communication and interactions. Family members are sometime involved in the therapy as well in which both the child and family members can understand the disorder more. The treatments for bipolar disorder can help the child obtain fewer symptoms and live a much easier life. Living with a child with bipolar disorder can be difficult. Though it is important to be patient and understanding, dealing with a child’s extreme shifts in mood and behavior can cause a lot of stress on a parent and m ay cause strain on the parent’s other relationships, mental and physical health, jobs, other children of the family, and the child’s treatment plan. It is important that the parent cares for himself and not solely be concerned of the child, as both the parent and childShow MoreRelatedMental Illness Affects Numerous Individuals In America,1424 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica, n.d). Many of these adults suffering with a mental illness also play the role of a mother, father, or caregiver. According to Costea (2011), â€Å"†¦31% of American women and about 17% of men have a 12-month prevalence of at least one psychiatric disorder, and of those 65% are mothers and 52% are fathers†. However, research focuses on the individuals suffering from a mental illness, and often overlooks the patient’s children and the distress the parents’ mental illnessmay cause on their children.Read MoreIntroduction. Managing Autism Can Be A Challenge To Cope1397 Words    |  6 Pagesany family with-out understanding ASD. In the article, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Catherine Lord explains autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, as a neurodevelopmental syndrome that is defined by deficits in social reciprocity and communication, and by unusual restricted, repetitive disorder (2000. P355). Parenting a child on the autism spectrum is difficult for any parent who is uneducated about the specific disorder their child is faced with. Most parents of children with disabilities or chronic healthRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On Children2651 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder which unfortunately affects many individuals, causing unusual shifts in behaviors and moods, alterations in energy and activity levels, as well as dysfunction in the ability to perform day-to-day activities. This disorder can even be the cause of many broken relationships and the development of other mental health illnesses. In the literature review provided, the writer will explore Bipolar Disorder as a mental illness, specifically diagnosed in adultsRead MoreChildhood Behaviors, Disorders, And Emotional Issues1204 Words   |  5 Pagesadulthood. There are many different kinds of behavior problems, disorders, and emotional issues. These problems are a source of stress for the child and his or her family, and school. Several factors such as biology, environment or a combination, are reasons for unwanted behaviors. This assignment will state all the different behaviors, disorders and emotional issues, their causes, and their remedies, if any. It will also explain child treatments and therapies to help correct these problems. The numberRead MoreAn Oppositional Defiant Disorder ( Developmental Manual And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1515 Words   |  7 PagesFor one to understand Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) it is important to examine the criterion that place this disorder within the realm of Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders. The American Psychiatric Association note in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2013) that, â€Å"[these] disorders include conditions involving problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors. [They] are unique in that these problems are manifested in behaviors that violate theRead MoreCase Analysis : Veronica s Life1382 Words   |  6 Pagesit. Veronica is worried about what the public will think about her son and what they will think of her in regards to her parenting skills. Veronica thinks that intimidating, threatening, and blackmailing her own son will keep him in line and doing what she wants him to do. Ver onica went so far as to blackmail a young lady into seducing her son to â€Å"fix† him and produce a child. Veronica does not care who she threatens, blackmail, or intimidate as long as it comes out in her favor. Another ongoingRead MoreThe Effects Of Adhd On Children And How It Affects Their School Life1698 Words   |  7 Pagesit Affects Their School Life ADHD really affects the way a child develops. ADHD stands for â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder† and it is a neurobehavioral disorder that causes overactivity, behavioral disinhibition, and poor attention span (Lassen, 2016). Children with ADHD can be easily distracted, delayed learning, bad memory, and have difficulty with social skills, leading to them falling behind in school and making it difficult to stay caught up with their peers. ADHD was originally identifiedRead MoreRunning With Scissors By Augusten Burroughs1444 Words   |  6 PagesChild development is the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in individuals between birth and the end of adolescence. (Wiki) Child development is inevitably altered when obstacles such as mental instability and abandonment arise, ultimately affecting children going into adulthood. Adolescents are very unlikely to reach their full potential without the guidance of an adult figure, such as a mother, father, sibling, or guardian. Adult figures are essential to a growing childRead More Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents Essay2868 Words   |  12 Pagespresent a case study in which I will describe the struggles of living with an adolescent diagnosed with bipolar disorder. I will discuss the case, the family relationships, the causes and diagnosis, and the treatment options currently available to those with bipolar disorder in general. The purpose of my paper is to make the reader aware of what goes on in the life of an adolescent with bipolar disorder type II. VR is a vibrant, beautiful, fun loving 17 year old. She is witty, creative and has a deepRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1519 Words   |  7 Pages Many children in the US have to endure child abuse. Most people do not understand the consequences the abused children have to live with for the rest of their lives. Because child abuse is a long-term problem, it impacts not only the child and family, but also the society as a whole. Children who are abused usually end up with self-esteem problems and lose their self-confidence. Therefore, they end up getting addicted to drugs or alcohol, which can create problems for their whole community

Global Warming Essay - 843 Words

Global Warming Global warming is a serious epidemic that is affecting the earth due to the main recklessness of its people. Even a minor change in temperature due to global warming affects the earth and its people. It the temperature were still to increase, it could cause drastic changes and affect the earth and earth’s population. Tremendous difference in temperature can directly and indirectly cause the loss of human life and harm the animals. The hard face is that despite what many nations, companies, cities and people are starting to do to reduce their global warming emission. The world is putting out more carbon dioxide into the air than ever before. The current amount is 385 parts per million (ppm), higher than ever in the past†¦show more content†¦There has been loss of various species due to global warming. Most important changes are seen in the animals as they react to the warmer environment, which are caused due to global warming. In 2002 about 40% of U.S. carbon dioxide r elease stem from the burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of electricity generation. Coal accounts for 93% of the emissions from the electric utility industry (US Emissions Inventory 2004 Executive Summary p. 10). About 33% of U.S carbon dioxide emissions comes from the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion engines of cars and light trucks (minivans, sport utility vehicles, pick-up trucks, and jeeps) (US Emissions Inventory 2006 page 8 ). The goal is to bring global warming under control by controlling the release of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. There are numerous ways to control such things that would help us build a better living environment. The largest source of greenhouse gases is in the use of electricity. Reducing the power usage would benefit the greenhouse effect because much of the energy we use in our homes comes from power plants which burn fossil fuel to power our electric products. Reducing the amount of electricity used in homes by switching to energy efficient lighting. Buying home appliance that is labeled as high in energy savings, because all major appliances are all day and night. Improving vehicles fuel efficiency by buying a hybrid carShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Warming1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming has become a well conversed topic among scientists and peoples in the world today. There are extremists who do everything possible to stop contributing to the warming, but the average person does little to alleviate the issue and in many cases refuses to acknowledge that there is a problem at all. Dating back to millions of years ago, even before humanity was born, the world has always experienced one form or another of warming; so the warming seen today is not as bizarre as many mayRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Warming1353 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming With it being the presidential election season the talk of global warming, also known as climate change has come up in conversation more. But should it be associated with whether you are republican or democrat? Global warming should not be rather you â€Å"believe† in because it is a stated fact. The definition by Oxford Dictionary declares that global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect causedRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreGlobal Warming1677 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. The actions taken by humans, such as industry and consumption of fossil fuels plus the increase in population and agriculture have played a big part in global warming. If something is not done soon the results could be very bad. By the middle of the twenty first century, there is evidence that the Earth will be warmer than it has been at any time in human history, and quite possibly since theRead MoreGlobal Warming1410 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming was first mentioned by ‘Svante August Arrhenius in 1896’, but in ‘1753, Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide’ and in ‘1827, Jean-Batiste Fourier suggested that atmospheric effect kept the earth warmer than it would otherwise be’, (Direct.gov. n.d. A history of climate change). Since this time, reports, and study have be done with graphs to show the impact of global warming and what could happen to our planet. In 1979, the first conference was held this was called ‘International climateRead MoreGlobal Warming1245 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming The major threat of today’s world is global warming. Due to various reasons global warming turns out to be a serious issue in the last few years. Today people believe in global warming while this concept was not so much believed and people interpreted in some other meanings what was happening in the past. Global warming is amplification in the temperature of earth because of industrial pollution, fossil fuels, and agricultural practices caused by human being, other and natural gasRead MoreGlobal Warming1316 Words   |  6 PagesControversy over Global Warming One of the largest argued topics in our world today is over global warming. People argue that is real, and others argue that it is fake. The effects of global warming create a growing danger for the ecosystem we live in by damaging glaciers and weather patterns. Humans contribute to global warming yet non-believers will think otherwise. Global warming is the greatest challenge facing our planet. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) mostRead Moreglobal warming1539 Words   |  7 Pagesof global climate over long periods of time. Climate model projections made by the US Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that, recently, global temperature has increased. This increase in temperature is referred to as global warming. One of the main causes of global warming is greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb solar radiation to keep the planet warm. These gases have increased, so more solar radiation is trapped ins ide raising global temperaturesRead MoreGlobal Warming1050 Words   |  5 PagesTake a position: Global warming is a real problem. 1000 word Essay. Using persuasive technique Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth’s surface. Since the late 1800’s, the global average temperature has increased about 0.7 to 1.4 degrees F (0.4 to 0.8degree C). Climate change is happening and its effects are real. However, the larger the change in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will make life harder for mostRead MoreGlobal Warming1192 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Essay Global warming is an important issue for humans to consider and science to figure out. Personally I don’t care very much about global warming and have never been active in green movements. The evidence presented in this class is very informative and useful when taking into account the numerous known and unknown causes and cures for global warming. However, my attitude towards global warming is unchanged. According to the Common Attitudes Toward Global Warming handout I think

Sqc †Statistical Quality Control Free Essays

Statistical quality control (SQC) The application of statistical techniques to measure and evaluate the quality of a product, service, or process. Two basic categories: I. Statistical process control (SPC): – the application of statistical techniques to determine whether a process is functioning as desired II. We will write a custom essay sample on Sqc – Statistical Quality Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now Acceptance Sampling: – the application of statistical techniques to determine whether a population of items should be accepted or rejected based on inspection of a sample of those items. Quality Measurement: Attributes vs Variables Attributes: Characteristics that are measured as either â€Å"acceptable† or â€Å"not acceptable†, thus have only discrete, binary, or integer values. Variables: Characteristics that are measured on a continuous scale. Statistical Process Control (SPC) Methods Statistical process control (SPC) monitors specified quality characteristics of a product or service so as: To detect whether the process has changed in a way that will affect product quality and To measure the current quality of products or services. Control is maintained through the use of control charts. The charts have upper and lower ontrol limits and the process is in control if sample measurements are between the limits. Control Charts for Attributes P Charts – measures proportion defective. C Charts – measures the number of defects/unit. Control Charts for Variables X bar and R charts are used together – control a process by ensuring that the sample average and range remain within limits for both . Basic Procedure 1. An upper control limit (UCL) and a lower control limit (LCL) are set for the process. 2. A random sample of the product or service is taken, and the specified quality characteristic is measured. . If the average of the sample of the quality characteristic is higher than the upper control limit or lower than the lower control limit, the process is considered to be â€Å"out of control†. CONTROL CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES p-Charts for Proportion Defective p-chart: a statistical control chart that plots movement in the sample proportion defective (p) over time Procedure: 1. take a random sample and inspect each item 2. determine the sample proportion defective by dividing the number of defective items by the sample size 3. lot the sample proportion defective on the control chart and compare with UCL and LCL to determine if process is out of control The underlying statistical sampling distribution is the binomial distribution, but can be approximated by the normal distribution with: mean = u = np (Note – add the bars above the means used in all the equations in this section) standard deviation of p: sigmap = square root of (p(1 -p ) / n) where p = historical population proportion defective and n = sample size Control Limits: UCL = u + z sigmap LCL = u – z sigma p is the number of standard deviations from the mean. It is set based how certain you wish to be that when a limit is exceeded it is due to a change in the process proportion defective rather than due to sample variability. For example: If z = 1 if p has not changed you will still exceed the limits in 32% of the samples (68% confident that mean has changed if the limits are exceeded. z = 2 – limits will be exceeded in 4. 5 (95. 5 % confidence that mean has changed) z = 3 – limits will be exceeded in . 03 (99. % confidence) c-Charts for Number of Defects Per Unit c-chart: a statistical control chart that plots movement in the number of defects per unit. Proc edure: 1. randomly select one item and count the number of defects in that item 2. plot the number of defects on a control chart 3. compare with UCL and LCL to determine if process is out of control The underlying sampling distribution is the Poisson distribution, but can be approximated by the normal distribution with: mean = c standard deviation = square root of c here c is the historical average number of defects/unit Control Limits: UCL = c + z c LCL = c – z c Control Charts for Variables Two charts are used together: R-chart (â€Å"range chart†) and X barchart (â€Å"average chart†) Both the process variability (measured by the R-chart) and the process average (measured by the X bar chart) must be in control before the process can be said to be in control. Process variability must be in control before the X bar chart can be developed because a measure of process variability is required to determine the -chart control limits. R-Chart for Process Variability: UCLR = D4(R) LCLR = D3(R) where is the average of past R values, and D3 and D4 are constants based on the sample size -Chart for Process Average: UCLR = X bar + A2(R) LCL = X bar – A2(R) where X bar is the average of several past values, and A2 is a constant based on the sample size Other Types of Attribute-Sampling Plans Double-Sampling Plan: Specifies two sample sizes (n1 and n2) and two acceptance levels (c1 and c2) 1. f the first sample passes (actual defects c1), the lot is accepted 2. if the first sample fails and actual defects c2, the lot is rejected 3. if first sample fails but c1 actual defects c2, the second sample is taken and judged on the combined number of defectives found. Sequential-Sampling Plan: Each time an item is inspected, a decision is made whether to accept the lot, reject it, or continue sampling. Acceptance Sampling Goal: To accept or reject a batch of items. Frequently used to test incoming materials from suppliers or other parts of the organization prior to entry into the production process. Used to determine whether to accept or reject a batch of products. Measures number of defects in a sample. Based on the number of defects in the sample the batch is either accepted or rejected. An acceptance level c is specified. If the number of defects in the sample is c the atch is accepted, otherwise it is rejected and subjected to 100% inspection. How to cite Sqc – Statistical Quality Control, Essay examples

What methods does Shakespeare employ Essay Example For Students

What methods does Shakespeare employ? Essay What methods does Shakespeare employ to engage interest of the audience in the Prologue and Act 1, scenes 1, 2 and 3 in Romeo and Juliet? Romeo and Juliet is a romantic tragedy set in the great city of Verona in Italy. The play concerns two noble but feuding families, the Montagues and the Capulets. Their feud has become so intense in the time of the play that bloody brawls are fought in the usually quiet and peaceful streets of Verona. These brawls involve even the servants of the rival families who cannot pass each other in the street without drawing swords! Within these two families are the two title characters that fall deeply in love which other. Romeo of the Montagues is a young man who is unable to get over his last love, Rosaline. This changes when he sees his love of first sight, Juliet of the Capulets. Juliets parents have plans for her to marry a wealthy young man named Paris, yet Juliet does not love him and has already married Romeo in secret. Romeo is banished from Verona and his plans to unite with Juliet go horribly wrong, ending with the deaths of the two lovers. The play ends with the two families uni ting. We will write a custom essay on What methods does Shakespeare employ? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout the play Shakespeare uses a wide range of dramatic devices to engage the interest of his audience. This was important if only to overcome the physical discomfort for the audience as the theatres in Shakespeares day were far from how they are today and the audiences interest could therefore easily be lost. A story of star-crossed lovers would not have been new to an Elizabethan audience. The tragedy itself was also unusual in that it did not involve heroic figures such as kings and emperors; instead, it involved people in a provincial city. In addition, Shakespeare could not rely on special effects or extra lighting. He therefore had to use changes in language and form that would hold the audiences attention and heighten their expectations for the tragedy to come. Shakespeares originality in using language and form to hold his audience begins with the Prologue which is performed by a chorus. He uses a fourteen line sonnet to describe the two noble houses in Verona and their ongoing feud. A lesser playwright would probably have used prose. The Prologue states that from these two houses, there are two star- crossed lovers, whose story of love and tragedy makes up the two hours traffic of our stage: The which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, out toil shall strive to mend. A Prologue such as this is also a most original and convenient device to introduce the plot to the audience. We are provided, in poetic language, information about where the play takes place, and given some background information about its principal characters. The Prologue does not merely set the scene of Romeo and Juliet; it tells the audience exactly what is going to happen in the play: From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life: The audience is therefore informed that Romeo and Juliet are to die even before the play has begun. This engages the interest of the audience because it is an unusual way to introduce a play, describing the whole story and unveiling the main tragedy before it has actually happened, and it makes the audience watch carefully to see how the play fulfills the expectations set by the Prologue. In addition, Shakespeare uses words such as our and you when referring to the audience, thus indirectly involving them and making them feel part of the play as they are being personally addressed. .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .postImageUrl , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:hover , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:visited , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:active { border:0!important; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:active , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Many times a playwright EssayThe variety of theme between each scene creates major contrasts. This is shown in the change from Scene One to Scene Two, Scene One being a comical fight between members of the opposing houses and Scene Two, a passionate discussion on various aspects of love. Contrasts in subject are also shown in the characters dialogues. At the beginning of Scene Two, old lord Capulet and Paris, a young man of wealth and high status who wishes to marry Juliet, Capulets young daughter, are discussing the feud between the Montagues and Capulets. After a short reply from Paris, the subject is suddenly changed from war to love with Paris enquiring: But now my lord, what say you to my suit? Paris is asking what Capulet has to say about his request to marry Juliet. This major contrast from bloody feuding to love is a frequent change throughout the play. The two themes together will bring the play to its final tragedy and dramatic finale when love brings hate to an end. The audience is interested to see how this will happen. The talk of Paris marrying Juliet is the first the audience has heard about a possible union between the two, this acting as another obstruction that Romeo will soon have to pass. However, it seems that Capulet can be a kind hearted man as he realizes Juliets position to choose for herself on whom she marries: But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart My will to her consent is but a part. But his power to force her into a marriage if he feels it necessary is noticeably present from his general personality. Therefore parental influence in this story becomes a means of fate: Juliets arranged marriage with Paris, and the feud between Capulets and Montagues, will eventually contribute to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. The means that determinants of their fate are laid in place well before Romeo and Juliet even meet. This is clear to the audience from the Prologue and their knowledge is greater than that of Romeo and Juliets. The audience is therefore interested to see how Paris, Romeo and Juliet, along with the family feuds and social burdens all contribute to the final tragedy. Shakespeare also introduces an unexpected surprise for the audience in Scene Two by declaring Romeos love for Rosaline: One fairer than my love! The all-seeing sun Neer saw her match, since first the world begun. With the play entitled Romeo and Juliet, the audience would automatically expect the play to be based on the events entailed in the love between Romeo and Juliet. The audience would now be interested how Rosaline, a character who has not yet been introduced, fits into the story and helps it to develop. The audience never sees or even hears Rosaline but only knows through Romeos words that she does not require his love. Shakespeare may have purposefully kept her away, making her a mysterious character which would interest the audience to find out more about her and underline what a sincere and passionate lover Romeo is. Shakespeare uses the Clown, a common feature of his plays, to cleverly merge a twist of humor into the developing plot in Scene Two. Capulet is holding an old accustomed feast and he has ordered the Clown to invite the names written on the given list. However the clown faces one clear problem, he cannot read! It is akin to asking a tailor to use a last or a shoemaker to use a yard. The audience would be able to relate to this as many would also be unable to read, Shakespeares plays attracting a wide range of people of different intelligence, wealth and social status. The clown is luckily saved by Romeo who is able to read the list for him. Irony as well as humor is shown here as a clown or servant is there to assist those of need but here, the clown depends on Romeos help. .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .postImageUrl , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:hover , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:visited , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:active { border:0!important; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:active , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What impressions do we gain of Oedipus as a king and as a man EssayThree scenes into the play, the audience finally meet the second title character, Juliet. She is with her mother, Lady Capulet and the Nurse who raised Juliet from infancy. Lady Capulet is putting pressure on Juliet to think about Paris as a husband before Juliet has even began to think of marriage at all. There is a humorous interplay between the Nurse and Lady Capulet when they try to work out Juliets age. Juliet gives into the influence and pressure of Lady Capulet and the Nurse who both wish to see Juliet and Paris marry: Ill look to like of looking liking move, But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly The audiences attention would be immediately attracted by this as Juliet has considered marrying Paris despite the audience already knowing that Juliet will soon fall in love with Romeo. This heightens the expectation of the audience to find out what will happen between Romeo and Juliet and what involvement will Paris have. This question is answered in Scene Four at the Capulets party which Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio of the Montagues attend, uninvited and masked. Shakespeare stretches the suspense of the audience even further as they will be desperate to find what will erupt from the party after already witnessing past battles between the two houses. Shakespeares powers as both a dramatist and poet are further used to heighten the audiences interest in this tragedy of love. The Prologue, in sonnet form, introduces the whole play and is a beautiful way in which to do so. Scene One features a quarrel between servants and family members of the feuding households. In contrast to the Prologue, this is in recited by the characters in straightforward prose until the intervention of the Prince of Verona who speaks in stern blank verse. Throughout the first three scenes, there is poetry of great beauty and variety. For example, old Montague describes his son, Romeo, who is saddened by Rosaline not returning his love: Many a morning hath he there been seen, With tears augmenting the fresh mornings dew, Adding to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs; He ends this speech with a rhymed couplet: Black and portentous must this humour prove Unless good counsel may the cause remove There is different language for brawling and for love and sadness and different language for different characters: the Clown and the Nurse speak in prose whereas the nobility speak in verse, often with rhymed couplets. This contrasting language is very much in evidence in the first three scenes, even before the arrival of Juliet, and continues throughout the play in order to convey the unfolding drama. It mirrors and enhances the other dramatic devices Shakespeare uses to enhance the audiences interest. Shakespeares unusual style of prologue in which the whole story and the final tragedy is declared in sonnet form is the first ingredient used to engage the interest of the audience in Romeo and Juliet. The audience is eager to see how the events in the play result in the final tragedy. Shakespeare then employs contrast of themes and variety between scenes to which he added a variety of prose and verse forms to ensure audience expectations are realized and their interest is not lost. The audience is always interested to see how these dramatic and poetic devices are used to link with the events foretold in the Prologue of a love tragedy that ends in union between the noble families.